Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a non-drug, non-hypnosis, psychotherapy procedure. The therapist guides the client in concentrating on a troubling memory or emotion while gently applying a form of bilateral stimulation, originally but not exclusively by moving the eyes rapidly back and forth (often by following the therapist's fingers). Alternatively, there are a range of special devices that encourage attention to alternate from side to side. This rapid eye movement (which occurs naturally in REM sleep) or attention switching seems to speed the client's movement through the healing process.

What is EMDR used for? EMDR is used to help reduce troubling symptoms such as anxiety, guilt, anger, post-traumatic reactions, some depression, phobias and bereavement. It is increasingly used to enhance performance (e.g. in sport or other achievements) and to help build emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem. EMDR is best known for resolution of PTSD where it has the most controlled studies.

What happens in an EMDR session? EMDR is different for everyone, because the healing process is guided from within. Many past issues and memories (not all) might arise and be treated within one EMDR session. Often a uncomfortable memory brings up unpleasant emotions or body sensations. This is normal and generally passes within a few minutes, as long as the EMDR is not stopped, however a break can be taken at any time. Upsetting emotions or memories usually seem to fade and lose their power. (Several sessions are usually required.)

Why bring up a painful memory? When uncomfotable memories are avoided, they keep their disturbing power. Some memories, flashbacks and nightmares can feel as upsetting and overwhelming as the original experience, yet not be helpful. In therapy, and with EMDR, you can face the memory in a safe setting, so that you do not feel overwhelmed. Then you can get through it and move on.

Will I be in control? The client is always in charge of whether to continue or stop, but it is hard to predict what kinds of thoughts, feelings, or memories might arise during EMDR. It depends upon each individual's natural healing process. The client can also decide how much to tell the therapist about the experience. The therapist serves as a guide to help the client stay on track, get the most out of the session, and will encourage the client to continue through any difficult parts.

What happens afterwards? Some people might continue to process the material gently for days or even weeks after the session, perhaps having new positive insights, vivid enlightening dreams or strong good feelings. This is natural, and is just a continuation of the healing process.

How can I learn more about EMDR? You can read other articles about EMDR, and find reference to many to EMDR-related sites on this website( www.emdrs.org.uk).